Zadanie podstawowe:
What did she tell him?
Is she looking at me?
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Zdanie złożone:
I know what she told him.
I wonder if she is looking at me.
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W powyższym przykładnie zmieniła się struktura zdania; z pytania w zdaniu podstawowym na dopełnienie o strukturze zdania twierdzącego (tj. podmiot + czasownik + dopełnienie) w zdaniu złożonym. Jest to mowa zależna.
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Present Continuous to be+V-ing |
Present Perfect Continuous have+been+V-ing |
Present Simple do,does |
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Past Continuous wer,was+V-ing |
Past Perfect Continuous had+been+V-ing (nie zmienia się) |
Past Simple did |
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Past Perfect Continuous had+been+V-ing (nie zmienia się) |
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Past Perfect had+PP (nie zmienia się) |
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Present Perfect have+PP |
Future Simple will |
Future Continuous will+be+V-ing |
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Past Perfect had+PP (nie zmienia się) |
Future Simple in the Past would (nie zmienia się) |
Future Continuous in the Past would+be+V-ing (nie zmienia się) |
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Mowa zależna |
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Mowa niezależna |
| 'I've lost my umbrella' |
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She said that she had lost her umbrella. Powiedziała, że zgubiła swoją parasolkę. |
| 'I never eat meat'. |
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He explained that he never ate meat. Wytłumaczył, że nigdy nie jada mięsa. |
| 'I am waiting for Ann'. |
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He said he was waiting for Ann. Powiedział, że czeka na Ann. |
| 'I have found a flat'. |
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He said that he had found a flat. Powiedział, że znalazł mieszkanie. |
| 'I've been waiting for two hours'. |
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She said she had been waiting for two hours.
Powiedziała, że czekała przez dwie godziny. |
| 'I took it home with me'. |
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He said he had taken it home with him. Powiedział, że wziął to ze sobą do domu. |
| 'I will be in Paris on Monday'. |
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She said she would be in Paris on Monday. Powiedziała, że będzie w Paryżu w poniedziałek. |
| 'I have something to show you'. |
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He said he had something to show me. Powiedział, że ma mi coś do pokazania. |
| 'Nothing grows in my garden'. |
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She said that nothing grew in her garden. Powiedziała, że nic nie rośnie w jej ogródku. |
| 'We have moved into our new flat'. |
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She said that they had moved into their new flat. Powiedziała, że przeprowadzili się do ich nowego mieszkania. |
| 'I can't swim'. |
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He said he couldn't swim. Powiedział, że nie umie pływać. |
| 'I can drive a car'. |
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He said he could drive a car.
Powiedział, że umie prowadzić samochód.
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Mowa zależna |
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Mowa niezależna |
| 'I was walking home when I saw the accident'. |
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James said he had been walking home when he saw the accident.
James powiedział, że szedł do domu, gdy ujrzał wypadek.
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| 'When I saw them they were playing tennis'. |
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He said that when he saw them they had been playing tennis.
Powiedział, że gdy ich zobaczył, grali w tenisa. |
'I was washing up when someone knocked on the door'.
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Mary said she had been washing up when
someone knocked on the door.
Mary powiedziała, że zmywała naczynia, gdy ktoś zapukał do drzwi.
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'I've found a flat'.
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He said that he had found a flat. Powiedział, że znalazł mieszkanie. |
Direct
today
yesterday
the day before yesterday
tomorrow
the day after tomorrow
next week/year
last week/year
a week/year ago
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Indirect
that day
the day before
two days before
the next day / the following day
in two days' time
the following week / year
the previous week / year
a year/week before / the previous year
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| 'Today I'm going to visit my uncle'. |
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He said that that day he was going to visit his uncle.
Powiedział, że tego dnia chciał odwiedzić wujka. |
'I saw her the day before yesterday'.
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He said he'd seen her two days before. Powiedział, że widział ją dwa dni wcześniej. |
'Yesterday I bought a new dress'.
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She said that she had bought a new dress the day before.
Powiedział, że kupiła nowa sukienkę dzień wcześniej. |
'I'll do it tomorrow'.
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He promised that he would do it the next day. Obiecał, że zrobi to następnego dnia. |
'I'm starting the day after tomorrow'.
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He told his mother he was starting in two days' time.
Powiedział mamie, że zacznie za dwa dni. |
'My father died a year ago'.
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He said that his father had died a year before. Powiedział, że jego ojciec zmarł rok wcześniej. |
'Next week I will be playing football'.
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He said that he would be playing football the following week.
Powiedział, że będzie grać w piłkę w następnym tygodniu. |
'I'm coming tomorrow'.
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She told me that she was coming the next day. Powiedziała mi, że przyjdzie następnego dnia. |
'Last year I was in France'.
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He said that he had been to France the previous year.
Powiedział, że był we Francji rok wcześniej. |
'I'll call you next week'.
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She told me she would call me the following week.
Powiedziała mi, że zadzwoni do mnie w następnym tygodniu. |
'I got my licence last Tuesday'.
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He said he'd got his licence the Tuesday before.
Powiedział, że dostał licencję w zeszły wtorek. |
| 'I love you'. |
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She says she loves me.
Ona mówi, że mnie kocha. |
'I like swimming'.
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Mark says he likes swimming.
Mark mówi, że lubi pływać. |
'I bought a new dress yesterday'.
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She said that she had bought a new dress the day before.
Powiedział, że kupiła nowa sukienkę dzień wcześniej. |
'You've got my umbrella'.
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She says I've got her umbrella.
Ona mówi, że ja mam jej parasolkę. |
'I'm trying to get a taxi'.
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Paul says he's trying to get a taxi. Paul mówi, że próbuje złapać taksówkę. |
'I'm packing my suitcase'.
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He says he's packing his suitcase. On mówi, że pakuje swoją walizkę. |
'I hate your friends'.
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She says she hates my friends.
Ona mówi, że nienawidzi moich przyjaciół. |
'I want to sleep'.
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She says she wants to sleep.
Ona mówi, że chce spać. |
| 'You mustn't be late again' |
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The boss told me that I mustn't be late again. |
'Could you bring me something to eat?'
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She asked me if I could bring her something to eat. |
'I might not be able to come on time'
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She said that she might not be able to come on time. |
'I should cut down on smoking'
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I thought that I should cut down on smoking. |
'It must be wonderful to be an actor'
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He said that it must be wonderful to be an actor. |
| 'If I were you I'd go home' |
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He said that if he were him he would do home. |
'If I had not saved him he would have drowned'
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He said that if he hadn't seen him he would have drowned. |
'I would never have turned against you if you hadn't betrayed us'
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She said that she would never have turned
against him if he had not betrayed them. |
'If I were Suzy I'd tell him off right away'
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She said that if she was Suzy she'd tell him off right away. |
'Had she not called me I wouldn't have
known about the test'
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He added that if she had not called him he wouldn't have know about the test. |
| 'Do you like hamburgers?' |
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He asked me if I liked hamburgers.
Spytał mnie, czy lubię hamburgery. |
'What happened to Mr. Brown?'
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She asked what had happened to Mr. Brown. Zapytała, co się stało panu Brown. |
'Which team has won?'
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He asked me which team had won.
Zapytał mnie, która drużyna wygrała. |
'What country do you come from?'
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He asked what country I came from. Spytał z jakiego kraju pochodzę. |
'How much does it cost?'
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She asked how much it cost.
Spytała ile to kosztuje. |
'Does this train stop at York?'
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He asked if that train stopped at York. Spytał, czy ten pociąg zatrzymuje się w York. |
'What are you going to study?'
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He asked me what I was going to study.
Spytał mnie co będę studiować. |
'Have you seen my sister?'
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She asked me if I had seen her sister. Spytała mnie, czy widziałem jej siostrę. |
'Could you tell me where the station is?'
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She asked me where the station was.
Spytała mnie, gdzie jest stacja. |
'Could you tell me when the train leaves?'
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He asked me when the train left. Spytał mnie, kiedy odjeżdża pociąg. |
'Will you marry me?'
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I asked him if he would marry me.
Zapytałam go, czy ożeni się ze mną. |
'You look nice'
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I told her she looked nice. Powiedziałem jej, że wygląda dobrze. |
'Can you help us?'
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They asked us if we could help them.
Zapytali czy im pomożemy. |
| 'Go away!' |
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He told me to go away.
Powiedział mi, żebym sobie poszedł. |
'Shut the door!'
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She told me to shut the door.
Kazała mi zamknąć drzwi. |
'Put your gun on the table!'
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The policeman told me to put my gun on the table.
Policjant kazał mi położyć pistolet na stole. |
'Don't argue with me!'
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She told us not to argue with her.
Powiedziała nam, żebyśmy się z nią nie kłócili. |
'Buy bread and milk!'
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Mother told me to buy bread and milk.
Mama kazała mi kupić chleb i mleko. |
'Find the documents'
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He made me find the documents.
Zmusił mnie do znalezienia dokumentów. |
'Check the mail'
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He got me to check the mail for him.
Przekonał mnie, żebym sprawdziła pocztę. |
| 'Please help me.' |
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He asked her to help him.
Poprosił ją o pomoc. |
'Open your bag, please.'
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He asked her to open her bag.
Poprosił ją, żeby otworzyła swoją torbę. |
'Come to the cinema with me.'
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He asked her to come to the cinema with him. Poprosił ją, żeby poszła z nim do kina. |
'Show me your new shoes.'
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He asked her to show him her new shoes. Poprosił ją, żeby mu pokazała swoje nowe buty. |
'Lend me $5'
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He asked her to lend him 5$.
Poprosił ją o pożyczenie pięciu dolarów. |
'Do me a favour, please'.
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He asked me to do him a favour.
Poprosił mnie o przysługę. |